Effect of hyperbranched poly(citric polyethylene glycol) with various polyethylene glycol chain lengths on starch plasticization and retrogradation

A series of hyperbranched poly(citric polyethylene glycol) (PCPEG) materials with varied polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain lengths as plasticizers were mixed with maize starch (MS) via cooking and film‐forming. The structure, pasting property, plasticization, aging property, moisture absorption and compatibility of plasticized starches were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, rapid viscosity analysis, tension testing, moisture absorption measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Compared with PEG and citric acid, PCPEG was more effective in promoting starch chain movement and inhibiting the retrogradation of starch film. Also, PCPEG/MS had smaller moisture content. The longer the plasticizer chain, the better were the aging resistance and moisture resistance of starch. But with an increase of PEG chain length, mechanical properties of PCPEG/MS deteriorated and the compatibility between PCPEG and MS decreased. The hyperbranched derivative of PEG with longer chain exhibited improved plasticization and compatibility with starch. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preparation and characterization of mullite whisker reinforced ceramics made from coal fly ash

Ceramics with mullite whiskers were prepared from coal fly ash and Al₂O₃ raw materials, with AlF₃ used as an additive. The phase structures and microstructures of the ceramics were identified via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results show that pickling of coal fly ash is an effective method for enhancing the flexural strength of ceramics. Sintering temperature and AlF₃ addition were also key factors influencing the creation of ideal ceramics. The ceramic made from pickled coal fly ash, 6?wt% AlF₃, and sintered at 1200?°C, exhibited the highest flexural strength of 59.1?MPa, and had a bulk density of 1.32?g/cm³ and porosity of 26.8%. The results show that ceramic materials made under these conditions are ideal candidates for manufacturing ceramic proppants for the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources.     

SBBR反应器中耐冷微生物的驯化与识别

以模拟生活污水为处理对象，三种不同填料为生物膜载体，运行 A、B、C三个SBBR，通过逐步降温（25、20、15、10、6和5℃）培养驯化处理低温污水的生物膜。运行251周期，三个反应器COD出水浓度均低于50 mg/L；B反应器对氨氮去除效果优于A和C。特别在低温5℃时，A、B和C三个反应器氨氮平均出水浓度分别为14.1、3.79和14.1 mg/L。高通量测序结果显示，5℃时，三个反应器中均以降解有机物的微生物为主；只有B反应器中驯化富集出了嗜冷硝化菌（Candidatus Nitrotoga）；而其他有硝化作用的菌属在B反应器中的丰度也高于A和C反应器；不利于脱氮的类固氮菌（Elstera）在A和C反应器中丰度较高。此结果可从微生物角度解释三个反应器处理效果的差异性，表明B反应器处理低温污水有显著优势，其所用填料可结合低温菌进一步开发利用。     

Effects of Undercooling and Transformation Time on Microstructure and Strength of Fe–C–Mn–Si Superbainitic Steel

Strength of Materials - A metallographic method, dilatometry, and X-ray diffraction were applied to investigate the effects of undercooling and holding time on bainitic transformation,...     

新型超润湿性自吸聚合物在压裂液体系中的应用

研制了一种具有润湿性的新型压裂液体系,并对聚合物进行XRD和TGA分析.流变学和扫描电镜实验表明,压裂液具有致密的网状结构.通过SEM测试得到破胶液的微观结构,表明交联作用更加明显.NFW压裂液在90℃时具有良好的流变性能,破胶液的表面张力较低,为20 mN·m-1.因此,这种具有润湿性的压裂液可作为致密油气藏开发的替代品.     

碳酸盐岩岩溶储层多井评价方法及地质应用

多井评价是建立在单井精细解释对比分析基础上的预测储层及含油气性平面分布规律的技术方法,而常规测井资料无法区分碳酸盐岩岩溶储层,因而利用多井评价结果确定岩溶发育程度在平面上的分布规律就显得十分重要。为此,在岩心标定成像测井的基础上,对四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区15口井的成像测井岩溶发育特征进行分析,建立了中二叠统茅口组岩溶发育各分带的标准成像图版,利用交会图及直方图分析各分带的常规测井响应特征,在此基础上形成了电成像测井刻度常规测井识别岩溶发育带的新方法。研究结果表明:①高石梯—磨溪地区茅口组岩溶带自上而下可划分为风化壳残积带、垂直渗流岩溶带、水平潜流岩溶带以及受岩溶作用较弱的基岩;②风化壳残积带在成像测井图像显示为"暗—亮—暗"条带状模式,垂直渗流岩溶带为垂直线状与暗色斑状组合模式,水平潜流岩溶带为水平线状—层状与斑状组合模式,基岩整体显示为亮色块状模式偶见线状或斑状特征;③有效储层主要发育在垂直渗流带和水平潜流带的顶部;④该区茅口组岩溶发育主要受裂缝发育控制,而裂缝发育又与断层关系密切。结论认为,该新方法对碳酸盐岩岩溶储层的多井评价具有普遍适用性,为四川盆地中二叠统风险探井的部署提供了技术支撑。     

A highly active composite electrocatalyst Ni–Fe–P–Nb2O5/NF for overall water splitting

This work demonstrates a facile Nb₂O₅-decorated electrocatalyst to prepare cost-effective Ni–Fe–P–Nb₂O₅/NF and compared HER & OER performance in alkaline media. The prepared electrocatalyst presented an outstanding electrocatalytic performance towards hydrogen evolution reaction, which required a quite low overpotential of 39.05 mV at the current density of ?10 mA cm^?2 in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Moreover, the Ni–Fe–P–Nb₂O₅/NF catalyst also has excellent oxygen evolution efficiency, which needs only 322 mV to reach the current density of 50 mA cm^?2. Furthermore, its electrocatalytic performance towards overall water splitting worked as both cathode and anode achieved a quite low potential of 1.56 V (10 mA cm^?2).     

紫色马铃薯酒发酵工艺优化及主发酵期花青素与色泽的动态变化

以紫色马铃薯为原料，在单因素的基础上，通过响应面法对紫色马铃薯酒的发酵工艺参数进行优化。最佳发酵工艺参数为:马铃薯与面粉比1:0.6、料水比1:1 (g/mL)、α-淀粉酶添加量8.5 U/g、酒曲添加量0.45%。此工艺在28 ℃下发酵14 d，得到的紫色马铃薯酒酒精度13.5%vol，花青素含量166.34 mg/mL，酒体澄清透明呈紫红色，酸甜适中，有独特酒香，综合感官评定得分90分。测定主发酵期花青素和色泽的动态变化，分析表明，紫色马铃薯酒在发酵过程中花青素呈现先上升后下降的趋势，色度呈现先下降后趋于平缓的趋势，色调则与之相反。聚合色度和褐变指数总体均呈现逐渐上升的趋势。试验结果为工业化生产紫色马铃薯酒提供理论依据。